What are the applicable scenarios of high-efficiency exhaust units?

High-efficiency exhaust units, with their high-efficiency filtration capacity, safe emission characteristics, and negative pressure environmental control capabilities, are widely used in scenarios with extremely high requirements for air cleanliness and biological safety. The following is an analysis of its core applicable scenarios and specific requirements:
1. Biosafety Laboratory (BSL-2/3/4)
Scene requirements
Core function: Treat polluted air containing pathogenic microorganisms (such as viruses and bacteria), and prevent harmful aerosols from leaking into the external environment.
Technical Requirements:
The exhaust air needs to pass through HEPA/ULPA filters (with a filtration efficiency of ≥99.97%@0.3μm), and some P3/P4 laboratories require double filtration (pre-filtration + terminal HEPA).
Equipped with an in-situ leak detection system (such as a PAO test) to ensure that the filter has no leakage.
Integrate ultraviolet disinfection (UV-C) or chemical fumigation modules to conduct secondary disinfection of exhaust air.
Typical applications:
COVID-19 testing laboratory, tuberculosis bacillus research laboratory, and highly pathogenic microorganism culture room.
Case:
The P3 laboratory needs to maintain a negative pressure of -30 Pa. After the exhaust air is filtered through a high-efficiency exhaust unit, the microbial residue should be lower than the detection limit (such as CFU/m³≤1).
Ii. Medical Negative Pressure Isolation Wards (such as COVID-19 isolation wards)
Scene requirements
Core function: Control the spread of contaminated air exhaled by infectious patients to prevent cross-infection.
Technical Requirements:
The exhaust air needs to pass through an antibacterial HEPA filter with a filtration efficiency of ≥99.97%@0.3μm, while simultaneously inhibiting the reproduction of microorganisms on the surface of the filter material.
Linked with the air supply system, it maintains a negative pressure of -5 to -10 Pa in the room to ensure the unidirectional flow of air (clean area → contaminated area → exhaust).
Configure a pressure sensor to monitor the negative pressure value in real-time. When a fault occurs, it will automatically alarm and switch to the standby fan.
Typical applications:
Respiratory infectious disease isolation wards, MERS/SARS patient wards, tuberculosis wards.
Iii. Sterile Production Area of Pharmaceutical Factory (Class A/Class B Clean Area)
Scene requirements
Core function: Ensure that the dust, microorganisms, or drug particles generated during the production process do not contaminate the external environment and comply with GMP standards.
Technical Requirements:
The exhaust air needs to filter particles larger than 0.3μm (including drug dust and microorganisms), with a filtration efficiency of ≥99.99% (HEPA level).
The filter needs to withstand high-temperature sterilization (such as 121℃ moist heat sterilization) or adopt a design that can be disinfected online (such as a chemical fumigation interface).
The box body is made of 316L stainless steel, with a smooth surface without dead corners, which is convenient for cleaning and disinfection.
Typical applications:
Injection filling and sealing workshop, sterile raw material drug production room, high-activity drug (such as anti-tumor drug) production area.
Iv. High-cleanliness Workshops for Food Processing (such as baking and dairy workshops)
Scene requirements
Core function: Prevent dust and mold spores in the air from contaminating food and meet food safety standards (such as HACCP).
Technical Requirements:
It can filter particles larger than 0.5μm (including flour dust and microorganisms) with an efficiency of ≥95% (medium-high efficiency or HEPA level).
The filter material must comply with food contact material safety standards (such as FDA-certified polypropylene fibers) to prevent the migration of chemical substances.
Equipped with anti-backflow devices (such as check valves) to prevent external air from polluting the workshop environment.
Typical applications:
Cake piping workshop, cheese fermentation room, frozen food packaging area.
V. High Cleanrooms in the Semiconductor/Electronics Industry (ISO Level 5 and above)
Scene requirements
Core function: Eliminate fine dust generated during the process (such as dust from silicon wafer cutting and volatile particles from photoresist), maintaining an ultra-clean environment.
Technical Requirements:
ULPA filters (with a filtration efficiency of ≥99.9995%@0.12μm) should be used to control the contamination of nanoscale particles.
The exhaust unit should be designed with low vibration (vibration amplitude ≤5μm) to avoid affecting the operation of precision equipment such as photolithography machines.
Coordinate with the airflow organization in the clean room (such as unidirectional flow or turbulent flow) to ensure that fine dust is discharged promptly.
Typical applications:
Chip manufacturing workshop (photolithography, etching process), hard disk head assembly room, precision electronic component soldering area.
Vi. Hazardous Chemicals Storage Room/Waste Gas Treatment Scenario
Scene requirements
Core function: Filter harmful gases, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), or dust to prevent explosion or poisoning risks.
Technical Requirements:
It is combined with an activated carbon filter layer (for gases) and a HEPA filter (for dust) to handle complex pollutants.
The equipment needs an explosion-proof design (such as explosion-proof fans and static grounding), in compliance with GB 50058 (Code for Design of Explosive Hazardous Environments).
The exhaust air volume should be calculated based on the evaporation amount of chemicals (such as more than 15 air changes per hour).
Typical applications:
Laboratory hazardous chemicals storage room, lithium battery production workshop (to prevent dust explosion), spraying workshop (to filter paint mist particles).
Vii. Radioactive Areas of the Nuclear Industry
Scene requirements
Core function: Filter radioactive aerosols (such as radon progeny and uranium particles) to prevent the spread of radioactive contamination.
Technical Requirements:
Use radiation-resistant HEPA filters (capable of withstanding a radiation dose of ≥10⁴Gy), with filter materials made of glass fiber or metal fiber.
The exhaust unit must be fully sealed and welded to prevent the leakage of radioactive substances. When replacing the filter, remote operation (such as a mechanical arm) is required.
Typical applications:
Nuclear reactor maintenance room, radioactive drug production workshop, uranium enrichment plant.
The core logic for selecting high-efficiency exhaust units
Risk level priority: For high-risk scenarios such as biosafety and radioactivity, dual filtration + disinfection functions must be chosen. The configuration of ordinary clean scenarios can be simplified.
Airflow control matching: Calculate the exhaust air volume based on the room volume and air change rate (formula: Air volume = Room volume × Air change rate/hour) to ensure the stability of the negative pressure gradient.
Compliance verification: For medical/pharmaceutical scenarios, YY/T 0569 or GMP certification is required; Biosafety laboratories need to comply with GB 19489.

By precisely matching the scene requirements with the equipment performance, the high-efficiency exhaust unit can optimize energy consumption and cost while ensuring safety.